Endocrinology services
Areas of examination and treatment
The full range of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Each section opens with a common patient question and a short, direct answer.
What does thyroid (goitre) care include?
Ultrasound, fine-needle biopsy (FNAB), sclerotherapy and ablation of cysts, plus treatment of goitre, Hashimoto, Graves, hypo- and hyperthyroidism. The indication for intervention is determined by the nodule's ultrasound character, not its size.
Diagnostics & procedures
- Thyroid ultrasound
- FNAB — nodule biopsy
- Cyst sclerotherapy — non-surgical
- Cyst ablation
- TIRADS (1–5)
- Scintigraphy interpretation (toxic adenoma)
Conditions treated
- Nodular/diffuse goitre, calcified nodules
- Hypothyroidism, myxoedema
- Hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease
- Graves' ophthalmopathy
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Subacute, acute and chronic thyroiditis
- Toxic adenoma, ectopic thyroid
- Thyroid disease in pregnancy
What diabetes services are offered?
Diagnosis and management of type 1 and 2 diabetes, prediabetes and gestational diabetes; adjustment of insulin and tablets; assessment of HbA1c and glucose profile; management of hypoglycaemia and acute states.
Management
- Type 1 and 2 diabetes
- Prediabetes and prevention
- Gestational diabetes
- Diabetes insipidus
- Insulin and tablet adjustment
- HbA1c and 24-hour glucose profile
Complications & acute care
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diabetic foot — endocrine management
- Hypoglycaemia management
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hyperglycaemic crises
- Glucagon: indication and first aid
How are weight and metabolic syndrome managed?
The approach is cause-focused. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose tolerance (OGTT) and metabolic status are investigated; where needed, GLP-1 analogues are prescribed only under medical supervision.
Work-up
- Overweight and obesity
- Cause-focused weight loss
- Insulin resistance and HOMA-IR
- Fasting insulin and glucose
- OGTT
- Leptin resistance, metabolic syndrome
Treatment & signs
- Injectable therapy (GLP-1) — supervised
- Acanthosis nigricans (skin darkening)
- Striae — search for endocrine causes
Which hormonal disorders are treated?
Adrenal, pituitary and sex-hormone disorders: Cushing and Addison, prolactinoma, acromegaly, growth hormone deficiency, PCOS and hirsutism. Before treatment, the cause is confirmed with hormonal tests.
Adrenal & pituitary
- Cushing's syndrome
- Addison's disease
- Prolactinoma
- Pituitary disease
- Acromegaly and gigantism
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Phaeochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism
In women
- PCOS and hormonal infertility
- Hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey scale)
- Androgen excess and cycle disorders
- Hormonal assessment for pregnancy planning
What does reproductive endocrinology cover?
Diagnosis of hormonal infertility (women and men), assessment of ovarian reserve by AMH, and hormonal checks during pregnancy planning. Thyroid function is always assessed before pregnancy.
- AMH assessment
- Ovarian reserve determination
- Infertility diagnosis (female and male)
- Thyroid disease in pregnancy
- Androgen excess and cycle disorders
How are parathyroid and bone diseases treated?
Hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia, parathyroid adenoma, osteoporosis (by T-score) and vitamin D disorders are diagnosed and treated. Densitometry results are interpreted by the endocrinologist.
- Parathyroid adenoma
- Hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia
- Primary hypoparathyroidism
- Osteoporosis (T-score)
- Densitometry interpretation
- Bone turnover markers
- Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity
Are lipid (cholesterol) disorders managed?
Yes. Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides are assessed, atherosclerosis risk is calculated, and a treatment plan is built taking endocrine causes (e.g. thyroid function) into account.
- High cholesterol
- High triglycerides
- Atherosclerosis risk assessment
Which paediatric endocrinology cases are seen?
Growth delay, early or late puberty, thyroid disease in children, and growth hormone disorders. Bone age is assessed by an X-ray of the left wrist.
- Growth delay
- Bone age assessment
- Early/late puberty
- Thyroid disease in children and adolescents
- Gigantism and growth hormone disorders
Other endocrinology services
Endocrine arterial hypertension, mineral deficiencies (magnesium, B12), investigation of neck pain and a choking sensation, and clinical examination by palpation of the neck and thyroid.
- Endocrine hypertension
- Mineral deficiencies (magnesium, B12)
- Neck pain / choking sensation
- Neck and thyroid palpation
Not sure which service you need?
Write your complaint on WhatsApp for initial guidance before your visit. Every treatment is prescribed individually.